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264-241 First Punic War between Carthage and Rome
241 Sicily becomes Rome’s first overseas province
238 Rome establishes a combined province on the islands of Sardinia and Corsica
230s Carthage expands its territory in western Spain
220s Rome conquers first Illyria then Cisalpine Gaul
218-202 Second Punic War
218 Hannibal crosses the Alps and defeats Rome at Ticinus and Trebia
217 Battle of Trasimene – Romans defeated
216 Battle of Cannae – Romans suffer catastrophic defeat
214-205 First Macedonian War
211 Hannibal’s march on Rome fails
204 Scipio Africanus invades Carthaginian territory in North Africa
202 Battle of Zama – final defeat of Carthage; Roman provinces of Nearer Spain and Further Spain established
200-197 Second Macedonian War
171-167 Third Macedonian War
149-146 Third Punic War
148 Roman province of Macedonia established
146 Sack of Corinth
146 Sack of Carthage; Roman province of Africa established