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194-199 Septimius Severus twice campaigns against the Parthians
208-211 Septimius Severus campaigns against the Caledonians in northern Britain
211 Death of Septimius Severus; accession of Caracalla; murder of Geta
212 All free men of the empire granted Roman citizenship
217 Death of Caracalla
218 Accession of Elagabalus
222 Death of Elagabalus; accession of Severus Alexander
235 Death of Severus Alexander
235-284 The empire endures a period of crisis; no fewer than 18 emperors nominated by the Senate
260 The Sassanids capture Antioch
260-274 Breakaway ‘Empire of the Gauls’ formed in Gaul and Britain
262-273 Breakaway Palmyrene kingdom in the eastern empire
270-275 Aurelian restores some order as emperor and builds new walls for Rome
284 Accession of Diocletian
293 Diocletian establishes the Tetrarchy