Delian League established. Battle of Eurymedon. An earthquake in Sparta leads to a helot revolt and the first open quarrel with Athens. ‘First’ Peloponnesian War. Delian League campaigns against Persia in Egypt and is defeated. Delian League treasury moved from Delos to Athens. Delian League decisively defeats Persia on land and sea at Cyprus. Athenians begin to declare themselves rulers of the cities in the Delian League. Final cessation of hostilities between the Greeks and the Persians. The ‘Thirty Years Peace’ treaty established between the Athenians and Spartan power blocs. Revolt of Samos from the Delian League. The Peloponnesian War. Outbreak of plague in Athens. The Peace of Nicias: supposed fifty-year peace deal agreed by Sparta and Athens. The disastrous expedition to Sicily by Athenian forces. The Persians agree to fund the Spartan war effort. Democracy briefly replaced by oligarchy in Athens. Athens surrenders; Sparta begins her hegemony of mainland Greece. Death of Socrates. King’s Peace: Persia again takes control of Cyprus and the Asiatic Greek cities. A second ‘Athenian League’ formed against Sparta. Battle of Leuctra: Thebes defeats Sparta; Thebes begins her hegemony of mainland Greece. Athens and Sparta form an anti-Theban alliance. Battle of Mantinea: the Thebans are successful but weakened by the loss of their leader; a ‘common peace’ is made. Philip II becomes king of Macedonia and further develops the phalanx. Macedonian power begins to grow; Amphipolis is conquered and Athens declares war. Battle of Chaeronea; Macedon begins her hegemony of mainland Greece. Philip II becomes head of the League of Corinth. Philip II assassinated; Alexander the Great becomes king. Alexander the Great invades Persia. Battle of Gaugamela: Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia. Alexander the Great invades India. Death of Alexander the Great; his Empire is split into four kingdoms. | 
